A Level Chemistry revision notes made for the CIE exam boards. This covers all the topics and modules for all specifications including 9701.
Topics that are covered include: 1: Atomic Structure; 2: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry; 3: Electrons in Atoms; 4: Chemical Bonding; 5: States of Matter; 6: Chemical Energetics; 7: Redox Reactions and Electrolysis; 8: Chemical Equilibria; 9: Rate of Reaction; 10: Chemical Periodicity; 11: Group II; 12: Group VII; 13: Nitrogen and Sulfur; 14: Introduction to Organic Chemistry; 15: Hydrocarbons; 16: Halogen Derivatives; 17: Hydroxy Compounds; 18: Carbonyl Compounds; 19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I; 20: Lattice Energy; 21: Electrode Potentials; 22: Ionic Equilibria; 23: Reaction Kinetics; 24: Group IV; 25: Transition Elements; 26: Benzene and Its Compounds; 27: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives II; 28: Nitrogen Compounds; 29: Polymerisation.
1: Atomic Structure:
2: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry:
- 2.1 Mass of Atoms and Molecules
- 2.2 Mass Spectrometer
- 2.3 Amount of Substance
- 2.4 Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula
- 2.5 Stoichiometry and Equations
- Learning outcomes
3: Electrons in Atoms:
- 3.1 Sub-shells and Atomic Orbitals
- 3.2 Electronic Configuration
- 3.3 Ionisation Energy
- CHAPTER 3: Electrons in Atoms
4: Chemical Bonding:
- 4.1 Ionic Bonding
- 4.2 Covalent Bonding
- 4.3 Shapes of Molecules
- 4.4 Electronegativity, Bond Polarity, Bond Length and Bond Energy
- 4.5 Intermolecular Forces
- 4.6 Metallic Bonding
- 4.7 Bonding and Physical Properties of Substances
- CHAPTER 4: Chemical Bonding
5: States of Matter:
- 5.1 The Gaseous State
- 5.2 The Liquid State
- 5.3 The Solid State
- 5.4 Ceramics
- 5.5 Conserving Materials
- CHAPTER 5: States of Matter
6: Chemical Energetics:
- 6.1 Enthalpy Changes
- 6.2 Standard Enthalpy Changes
- 6.3 Hess’ Law
- 6.4 Bond Energy
- CHAPTER 6: Chemical Energetics
7: Redox Reactions and Electrolysis:
8: Chemical Equilibria:
- 8.1 Dynamic Equilibria
- 8.2 Factors Affecting Chemical Equilibria
- 8.3 Equilibrium Constants
- 8.4 Theory of Acids and Bases
- CHAPTER 8: Chemical Equilibria
9: Rate of Reaction:
- 9.1 Rate of Reaction
- 9.2 Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
- 9.3 Catalysis
- CHAPTER 9: Rate of Reaction
10: Chemical Periodicity:
- 10.1 Periodicity in Physical Properties
- 10.2 Periodicity in Chemical Properties
- 10.3 Period 3 Oxides
- 10.4 Period 3 Chlorides
- CHAPTER 10: Chemical Periodicity
11: Group II:
- 11.1 Physical Properties of Group II Elements
- 11.2 Reactions of Group II Elements
- 11.3 Group II Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates
- 11.4 Thermal Decomposition
- 11.5 Uses of Group II Compounds
- CHAPTER 11: Group II
12: Group VII:
- 12.1 Physical Properties of Group VII Elements
- 12.2 Reactions of Group VII Elements
- 12.3 Reactions of Halide Ions
- 12.4 Uses of Halogens
- CHAPTER 12: Group VII
13: Nitrogen and Sulfur:
- 13.1 Nitrogen Compounds
- 13.2 Environmental Consequence of Using Nitrogen Compounds
- 13.3 Sulfur Compounds
- CHAPTER 13: Nitrogen and Sulfur
14: Introduction to Organic Chemistry:
- 14.1 Organic Compounds
- 14.2 Organic Reactions
- 14.3 Isomerism
- CHAPTER 14: An Introduction to Organic Chemistry
15: Hydrocarbons:
- 15.1 Introduction to Alkanes
- 15.2 Reactions of Alkanes
- 15.3 Introduction to Alkenes
- 15.4 Reactions of Alkenes
- 15.5 Uses of Hydrocarbons
- CHAPTER 15: Hydrocarbons
16: Halogen Derivatives:
- 16.1 Introduction to Halogenoalkaes
- 16.2 Reactions of Halogenoalkanes
- 16.3 Uses of Halogenoalkanes
- CHAPTER 16: Halogen Derivatives
17: Hydroxy Compounds:
18: Carbonyl Compounds:
- 18.1 Introduction to Aldehydes and Ketones
- 18.2 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
- 18.3 Tests for Aldehydes and Ketones
- CHAPTER 18: Carbonyl Compounds
19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I:
- 19.1 Carboxylic Acids
- 19.2 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
- 19.3 Esters
- CHAPTER 19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I
20: Lattice Energy:
- 20.1 Introduction to Lattice Energy
- 20.2 Born-Haber Cycles
- 20.3 Ion Polarisation
- 20.4 Enthalpy Changes in Solutions
- CHAPTER 20: Lattice Energy
21: Electrode Potentials:
- 20.3 Using E° Values
- 21.1 Standard Electrode Potential
- 21.2 Measuring Standard Electrode Potential
- 21.4 Cells and Batteries
- 21.5 Quantitative Electrolysis
- CHAPTER 21: Electrode Potentials
22: Ionic Equilibria:
- 22.1 pH, fta, pfta and ftw
- 22.2 Acid-base Titrations
- 22.3 Buffer Solutions
- 22.4 Solubility Equilibria
- CHAPTER 22: Ionic Equilibria
23: Reaction Kinetics:
- 23.1 Orders of Reaction and Rate Equations
- 23.2 Reaction Mechanisms
- 23.3 Catalysis
- CHAPTER 23: Reaction Kinetics
24: Group IV:
- 24.1 Physical Properties of Group IV Elements
- 24.2 Group IV Chlorides
- 24.3 Group IV Oxides
- 24.4 Relative Stability of +2 and +4 Oxidation States
- CHAPTER 24: Group IV
25: Transition Elements:
- 25.1 Introduction to Transition Elements
- 25.2 Oxidation States of Transition Elements
- 25.3 Complex Ions
- CHAPTER 25: Transition Elements
26: Benzene and Its Compounds:
- 26.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds
- 26.2 Reactions of Benzene and Alkylbenzene
- 26.3 Introduction to Phenols
- 26.4 Reactions of Phenols
- CHAPTER 26: Benzene and Its Compounds
27: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives II:
- Posts not found
28: Nitrogen Compounds:
- Posts not found
29: Polymerisation:
- Posts not found