A Level CIE Notes

A Level Chemistry revision notes made for the CIE exam boards. This covers all the topics and modules for all specifications including 9701.

Topics that are covered include: 1: Atomic Structure; 2: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry; 3: Electrons in Atoms; 4: Chemical Bonding; 5: States of Matter; 6: Chemical Energetics; 7: Redox Reactions and Electrolysis; 8: Chemical Equilibria; 9: Rate of Reaction; 10: Chemical Periodicity; 11: Group II; 12: Group VII; 13: Nitrogen and Sulfur; 14: Introduction to Organic Chemistry; 15: Hydrocarbons; 16: Halogen Derivatives; 17: Hydroxy Compounds; 18: Carbonyl Compounds; 19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I; 20: Lattice Energy; 21: Electrode Potentials; 22: Ionic Equilibria; 23: Reaction Kinetics; 24: Group IV; 25: Transition Elements; 26: Benzene and Its Compounds; 27: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives II; 28: Nitrogen Compounds; 29: Polymerisation.

1: Atomic Structure:

• 1.1 Inside the Atom
• 1.2 Isotopes
• Learning outcomes

2: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry:

• 2.1 Mass of Atoms and Molecules
• 2.2 Mass Spectrometer
• 2.3 Amount of Substance
• 2.4 Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula
• 2.5 Stoichiometry and Equations
• Learning outcomes

3: Electrons in Atoms:

• 3.1 Sub-shells and Atomic Orbitals
• 3.2 Electronic Configuration
• 3.3 Ionisation Energy
• CHAPTER 3: Electrons in Atoms

4: Chemical Bonding:

• 4.1 Ionic Bonding
• 4.2 Covalent Bonding
• 4.3 Shapes of Molecules
• 4.4 Electronegativity, Bond Polarity, Bond Length and Bond Energy
• 4.5 Intermolecular Forces
• 4.6 Metallic Bonding
• 4.7 Bonding and Physical Properties of Substances
• CHAPTER 4: Chemical Bonding

5: States of Matter:

• 5.1 The Gaseous State
• 5.2 The Liquid State
• 5.3 The Solid State
• 5.4 Ceramics
• 5.5 Conserving Materials
• CHAPTER 5: States of Matter

6: Chemical Energetics:

• 6.1 Enthalpy Changes
• 6.2 Standard Enthalpy Changes
• 6.3 Hess’ Law
• 6.4 Bond Energy
• CHAPTER 6: Chemical Energetics

7: Redox Reactions and Electrolysis:

• 7.1    Oxidation and Reduction
• 7.2 Electrolysis
• CHAPTER 7: Redox Reactions and Electrolysis

8: Chemical Equilibria:

• 8.1 Dynamic Equilibria
• 8.2 Factors Affecting Chemical Equilibria
• 8.3 Equilibrium Constants
• 8.4 Theory of Acids and Bases
• CHAPTER 8: Chemical Equilibria

9: Rate of Reaction:

• 9.1 Rate of Reaction
• 9.2 Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
• 9.3 Catalysis
• CHAPTER 9: Rate of Reaction

10: Chemical Periodicity:

• 10.1 Periodicity in Physical Properties
• 10.2 Periodicity in Chemical Properties
• 10.3 Period 3 Oxides
• 10.4 Period 3 Chlorides
• CHAPTER 10: Chemical Periodicity

11: Group II:

• 11.1 Physical Properties of Group II Elements
• 11.2 Reactions of Group II Elements
• 11.3 Group II Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates
• 11.4 Thermal Decomposition
• 11.5 Uses of Group II Compounds
• CHAPTER 11: Group II

12: Group VII:

• 12.1 Physical Properties of Group VII Elements
• 12.2 Reactions of Group VII Elements
• 12.3 Reactions of Halide Ions
• 12.4 Uses of Halogens
• CHAPTER 12: Group VII

13: Nitrogen and Sulfur:

• 13.1 Nitrogen Compounds
• 13.2 Environmental Consequence of Using Nitrogen Compounds
• 13.3 Sulfur Compounds
• CHAPTER 13: Nitrogen and Sulfur

14: Introduction to Organic Chemistry:

• 14.1 Organic Compounds
• 14.2 Organic Reactions
• 14.3 Isomerism
• CHAPTER 14: An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

15: Hydrocarbons:

• 15.1 Introduction to Alkanes
• 15.2 Reactions of Alkanes
• 15.3 Introduction to Alkenes
• 15.4 Reactions of Alkenes
• 15.5 Uses of Hydrocarbons
• CHAPTER 15: Hydrocarbons

16: Halogen Derivatives:

• 16.1 Introduction to Halogenoalkaes
• 16.2 Reactions of Halogenoalkanes
• 16.3 Uses of Halogenoalkanes
• CHAPTER 16: Halogen Derivatives

17: Hydroxy Compounds:

• 17.1 Introduction to Alcohols
• 17.2 Reactions of Alcohols
• CHAPTER 17: Hydroxy Compounds

18: Carbonyl Compounds:

• 18.1 Introduction to Aldehydes and Ketones
• 18.2 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
• 18.3 Tests for Aldehydes and Ketones
• CHAPTER 18: Carbonyl Compounds

19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I:

• 19.1 Carboxylic Acids
• 19.2 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
• 19.3 Esters
• CHAPTER 19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I

20: Lattice Energy:

• 20.1 Introduction to Lattice Energy
• 20.2 Born-Haber Cycles
• 20.3 Ion Polarisation
• 20.4 Enthalpy Changes in Solutions
• CHAPTER 20: Lattice Energy

21: Electrode Potentials:

• 20.3 Using E° Values
• 21.1 Standard Electrode Potential
• 21.2 Measuring Standard Electrode Potential
• 21.4 Cells and Batteries
• 21.5 Quantitative Electrolysis
• CHAPTER 21: Electrode Potentials

22: Ionic Equilibria:

• 22.1 pH, fta, pfta and ftw
• 22.2 Acid-base Titrations
• 22.3 Buffer Solutions
• 22.4 Solubility Equilibria
• CHAPTER 22: Ionic Equilibria

23: Reaction Kinetics:

• 23.1 Orders of Reaction and Rate Equations
• 23.2 Reaction Mechanisms
• 23.3 Catalysis
• CHAPTER 23: Reaction Kinetics

24: Group IV:

• 24.1 Physical Properties of Group IV Elements
• 24.2 Group IV Chlorides
• 24.3 Group IV Oxides
• 24.4 Relative Stability of +2 and +4 Oxidation States
• CHAPTER 24: Group IV

25: Transition Elements:

• 25.1 Introduction to Transition Elements
• 25.2 Oxidation States of Transition Elements
• 25.3 Complex Ions
• CHAPTER 25: Transition Elements

26: Benzene and Its Compounds:

• 26.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds
• 26.2 Reactions of Benzene and Alkylbenzene
• 26.3 Introduction to Phenols
• 26.4 Reactions of Phenols
• CHAPTER 26: Benzene and Its Compounds

27: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives II:

• Posts not found

28: Nitrogen Compounds:

• Posts not found

29: Polymerisation:

• Posts not found